MATRICES 1. INTRODUCTION: A rectangular array of mn numbers in the form of \(m\) horizontal lines (called rows) and \(n\) vertical lines (called columns), is called a matrix of order \(m\) by \(n\) , written as \(m \times n\) matrix. In compact form, the matrix is represented by \(\mathrm{A}=\left[\mathrm{a}_{\mathrm{i}}\right]_{\mathrm{mx}}\) All Chapter Notes, Concept and Important Formula 2. SPECIAL TYPE OF MATRICES : (a) Row Matrix (Row vector) : \(A=\left[a_{11}, a_{12}, \ldots \ldots \ldots . a_{1 n}\right]\) i.e. row matrix has exactly one row. (b) Column Matrix (Column vector) : \(A=\left[\begin{array}{c}a_{11} \\ a_{21} \\ : \\ a_{m 1}\end{array}\right]\) i.e. columr matrix has exactly one column. (c) Zero or Null Matrix : \(\left(A=O_{m \times n}\right)\) , An \(m \times n\) matrix whose all entries are zero. (d) Horizontal Matrix : A matrix of order \(\mathrm{m} \times \mathrm{n}\) is a horizontal matrix if \(\mathrm{n}>\mathrm{m}\) . (e) Vertical Matrix : ...
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